Botany - B.Ye. Yakubenko 2017

Part One. Plant Anatomy and Morphology

Chapter I. Cytology

1.1. Development and Objectives of Cytology. The Cell Theory of Living Organisms Structure. Methods of Cytological Research

1.2. Cell size and shape. Structure of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

1.3. Structure of the Eukaryotic Cell

1.4. Cell Formation

1.5. Structure of the Prokaryotic Cell

Laboratory Class Topic 1.1. Structure of the Microscope and Working Techniques with It

Laboratory Class Topic 1.2. Structure of the Prokaryotic Cell

Laboratory Session Topic 2.3. Structure of Higher Plant Cells. Cell Wall. Nucleus. Cytoplasm and Vacuole. Cytoplasmic Streaming. Plastids: Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts, Leucoplasts

Laboratory Class Topic 2.4. Reserve Nutrients

Laboratory Class Topic 3.5. Nuclear Division (Mitosis) and Cell Division (Cytokinesis)

Chapter II. Histology

2.1. Plant Tissues and Their Classification

2.2. Meristems: Structural Features, Functions, and Classification

2.3. Dermal Tissues

2.4. Mechanical (Sclerenchymatous) Tissues

2.5. Vascular Tissues

2.6. Fundamental Tissues (Parenchyma)

2.7. Secretory Tissues

2.8. Vascular bundles, their histological composition and types

Laboratory Class Topic 4.6. Meristematic Tissues

Laboratory Class Topic 4.7. Primary Dermal Tissue

Laboratory Class Topic 4.8. Secondary and Tertiary Protective Tissues

Laboratory Class Topic 4.9. Fundamental Tissues (Parenchyma)

Laboratory Class Topic 5.10. Mechanical Tissues

Laboratory Class. Topic 5.11. Vascular Tissues. Vascular Bundles

Chapter III. Vegetative Plant Organs

3.1. The Concept of Plant Organs

3.2. Root Structure, Types of Roots and Root Systems

3.3. Root Metamorphoses

Chapter III. Vegetative Organs of Plants

3.4. Anatomical Structure of the Root

Chapter III. Vegetative Plant Organs

Laboratory Class Topic 6.12. Root Morphology. Types of Root Systems. Root Metamorphoses

Laboratory Session Topic 6.13. Root Zones. Primary Anatomical Structure of the Root

Chapter III. Vegetative Organs of Plants

Laboratory Class Topic 6.14. Secondary Anatomical Structure of the Root

Chapter III. Vegetative Plant Organs

Laboratory Class Topic 7.15. Features of Anatomical Structure

Chapter III. Vegetative Organs of Plants

3.5. Stem Morphology and Anatomy. The Concept of the Shoot. Shoot Morphology. The Bud, Shoot Development, Types of Buds. Shoot Branching. Tillering. Phyllotaxy

3.6. Stem Diversity. Stem Metamorphoses

Chapter III. Vegetative Plant Organs

3.7. Anatomical Structure of the Stem

Chapter III. Vegetative Organs of Plants

Laboratory Class Topic 8.16. Morphological Structure of the Shoot

Chapter III. Vegetative Plant Organs

Laboratory Class Topic 8.17. Anatomical Structure of Monocotyledonous Stems

Laboratory Session Topic 8.18. Anatomical Structure of the Stem in Herbaceous Dicotyledonous Plants. Bundled and Transitional Types of Structure

Laboratory Session Topic 8.19. Macroscopic Structure of Woody Plant Stems

Laboratory Class Topic 8.20. Anatomical Structure of the Stem of Hardwood Species

Laboratory Class Topic 8.21. Anatomical Structure of the Stem of Fiber Crops

3.8. Leaf Morphology and Anatomy. Definition and Functions of the Leaf. Leaf Types. Metamorphoses of Leaves

3.9. Leaf Formations, Heterophylly, Leaf Mosaic. Leaf Fall

3.10. Anatomical Structure of the Leaf

Laboratory Class. Topic 9.22. Leaf Morphology and Metamorphoses

Laboratory Class Topic 9.23. Anatomical Structure of the Leaf

Chapter IV. Plant Reproduction

Part Two. The System of the Organic World

Part Two. System of the Organic World

Chapter V. System of the Organic World

5.1. KINGDOM VIRUSES (VIRA)

5.2. KINGDOM MONERA

5.3. KINGDOM PROTOZOA

5.4. KINGDOM CHROMISTA

Part Two. The System of the Organic World

Chapter V. The System of the Organic World

5.5. KINGDOM TRUE FUNGI MYCOTA (FUNGI)

Part Two. System of the Organic World

Chapter V. System of the Organic World

Laboratory Class Topic 10.24. Division Chytridiomycota. Class Chytridiomycetes

Laboratory Class Topic 10.25. Phylum Oomycota, Class Oomycetes

Part Two. The System of the Organic World

Chapter V. The System of the Organic World

Laboratory Class Topic 10.26. Phylum Zygomycota. Class Zygomycetes

Laboratory Session Topic 10.27. Phylum Ascomycota (Ascomycota). Class Ascomycetes (Ascomycetes)

Part Two. System of the Organic World

Chapter V. System of the Organic World

Laboratory Class Topic 10.28. Division Basidiomycota (Basidiomycota)

Part Two. The System of the Organic World

Chapter V. The System of the Organic World

Laboratory Class Topic 10.29. Lichens, Lichenized Fungi (Lichenes)

Part Three. Kingdom Plantae

Chapter VI. Lower Plants

6.1. Group of Divisions Algae

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Plantae)

Chapter VII. Systematics of Higher Plants

7.1. General characteristics of higher plants, their origin and classification

Part Three. Kingdom Plantae

7.2. Division Bryophyta

Part Three. Plant Kingdom (Planthae)

Laboratory Class Topic 11.30. Class Liverworts (Marchantiopsida)

Part Three. Kingdom Plantae

Laboratory Class Topic 11.31. Class Bryopsida, or True Mosses

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Plantae)

7.3. Division Rhyniophyta

Part Three. Plant Kingdom (Planthae)

7.4. Division Psilotophyta

7.5. Division Lycopodiophyta

Part Three. Kingdom Plantae

7.6. Division Equisetophyta

7.7. Division Polypodiophyta

Laboratory Session Topic 12.32. Class Lycopodiopsida, Class Isoetopsida

Laboratory Class Topic 12.33. Division Equisetophyta

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Planthae)

Laboratory Class Topic 12.34. Class Ferns, or Polypodiopsids (Polypodiopsida). Subclass Polypodiidae, or Isosporous Ferns (Polypodiales)

Part Three. Kingdom Plantae

Laboratory Session Topic 12.35. Class Ferns, or Polypodiopsida — Роlyроdioрsida. Subclass Salviniidae (heterosporous) ferns &ndash Salviniidae

Part Three. Plant Kingdom (Planthae)

Chapter VIII. Division Pinophyta, Pine Family — Pinophyta

8.1. General characteristics of gymnosperms, classification

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Planthae)

Chapter VIII. Division Gymnosperms, Pine family — Pinophyta

Laboratory Class Topic 13.36. Class Conifers, or Pinopsida

Part Three. Kingdom Plantae

Chapter IX. Division Angiosperms, or Flowering Plants (Angiospermae, Magnoliophyta)

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Plantae)

Laboratory Session Topic 14.37. Flower Morphology

Part Three. Kingdom Plantae

Laboratory Session Topic 14.38. Types of Inflorescences

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Plantae)

Laboratory Session Topic 14.39. Structure of the Anther, Ovary, and Ovule

Part Three. Kingdom Plantae

Laboratory Session Topic 14.40. Structure and Types of Seeds. Structure of Monocotyledonous Seeds

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Plantae)

Laboratory Class. Topic 14.41. Structure of Dicotyledonous Seeds

Part Three. Kingdom Plantae

Laboratory Session Topic 14.42. Structure and Types of Fruits. Infructescences

Laboratory Practical Session Topic 14.43. Methods of Herbarium Preparation

Laboratory Class. Topic 14.44. Plan of Morphological Analysis and Techniques for Identifying Flowering Plants

Laboratory Session Topic 14.45. Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Plantae)

Laboratory Session. Topic 14.46. Rose family (Rosaceae)

Part Three. Plant Kingdom (Planthae)

Laboratory Session Topic 14.47. Mint family (Lamiaceae). Figwort family (Scrophulariaceae)

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Plantae)

Laboratory Class Topic 14.48. Cabbage Family (Brassicaceae). Aster Family (Asteraceae)

Laboratory Session Topic 14.49. The Lily Family (Liliaceae)

Laboratory Session Topic 14.50. The Grass Family, or Poaceae (Poaceae)

Part Three. Kingdom Plantae

Laboratory Class Topic 14.51. Sedge Family (Cyperaceae)

Laboratory Class Topic 14.52. Hornwort family (Ceratophyllaceae)

Part Three. Plant Kingdom (Plantae)

Laboratory Class Topic 14.53. Frogbit Family (Hydrocharitaceae)

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Plantae)

Laboratory Session Topic 14.54. Water-plantain family (Alismataceae)

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Planthae)

Chapter X. Plant Ecology. Concepts of Plant Ecology

10.1 Main Ecological Factors and Their Impact on Plants

Part Three. Plant Kingdom (Planthae)

Chapter XI. Fundamentals of Phytogeography

11.1. The Concept of Flora

11.2. Geographical Distribution of Species on Earth and in Ukraine

11.3. Ranges, Their Types and Formation Pathways

11.4. Floristic Kingdoms of the Earth

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Planthae)

11.5. Cultivated plants as an object of agrophytocenology and their coenotic significance. Centers of origin of cultivated plants

Part Three. Plant Kingdom (Planthae)

Chapter XII. Fundamentals of Phytocenology. The Concept of Vegetation

12.1. Types of Vegetation

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Plantae)

Chapter XII. Fundamentals of Phytocenology. Concepts of Vegetation

12.2. Morphological and Biotic Characteristics of a Phytocenosis. Species Composition

Part Three. Kingdom Plantae

Chapter XII. Fundamentals of Phytocenology. The Concept of Vegetation

12.3. The Role of Species in the Life of a Plant Community

Part Three. The Plant Kingdom (Plantae)

12.4. Systematics of Phytocenoses

Part Three. Plant Kingdom (Planthae)

Chapter XIII. Vegetation of Ukraine and Its Zonal Distribution