BOTANY WITH THE BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011
V. CYTOLOGY. THE CONCEPT OF THE CELL
Methods of New Cell Formation
Cell Division
This is the most common way new Cells are formed in plant organisms. Direct division of The Nucleus and Cell (amitosis) and indirect division are distinguished
Class="center">Water/water.files/image008.jpg" width="470"/>
Fig. 8. Diagrams of Cell Division:
A — amitosis; B — mitosis: 1 — interphase, 2 — prophase, 3 — metaphase,
4 — anaphase, 5 — telophase; C — Meiosis: 1 — interphase; 2 — prophase I,
3 — metaphase I, 4 — anaphase I, 5 — telophase I; 6 — prophase II,
7 — metaphase II, 8 — anaphase II, 9 — telophase II.
Last update: 07/08/2026
Editorial and Educational Adaptation: This material has been compiled based on the primary/original source text. The project team performed an editorial review, corrected technical inaccuracies, structured sections, and adapted the content for an educational format.
What was processed:
- elimination of formatting defects (OCR errors, structural breaks, corrupted characters);
- editorial organization of content;
- standardization of terminology in accordance with academic sources;
- verification of factual statements against the original source text.
All mentions of the author, publication year, and origin of the primary text have been preserved in accordance with the source.