Human Biochemistry, Volume 1 - Murray R. 1993

Bioenergetics and Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism
Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism
Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism at the cellular and enzymatic levels

Significant Metabolic Disorders in animals resulting from changes in diet or hormonal balance can be investigated by monitoring the dynamics of metabolite concentrations in the Blood. The effects of these changes on individual Organs can also be studied using catheterization, a method that allows measurement of the arteriovenous concentration difference of the metabolite in question. Metabolic alterations in intact animals are frequently caused by a disbalance of metabolic processes in specific Tissues, which is typically associated with changes in metabolite availability or The activity of Key Enzymes.

Most metabolic changes depend, directly or indirectly, on fluctuations in substrate availability. Variations in blood substrate concentrations caused by changes in dietary intake can influence hormone secretion rates; this, in turn, alters the relative rates of Various metabolic pathways (often by affecting key enzyme activities to compensate for the altered substrate availability). Among the mechanisms regulating the activity of enzymes involved in Carbohydrate METABOLISM, three main groups can be distinguished (Table 22.1): (1) Changes in the rate of enzyme Biosynthesis; (2) alterations in enzyme activity via covalent modification; and (3) allosteric effects.



Last update: 06/08/2026

Editorial and Educational Adaptation: This material has been compiled based on the primary/original source text. The project team performed an editorial review, corrected technical inaccuracies, structured sections, and adapted the content for an educational format.

What was processed:

  • elimination of formatting defects (OCR errors, structural breaks, corrupted characters);
  • editorial organization of content;
  • standardization of terminology in accordance with academic sources;
  • verification of factual statements against the original source text.

All mentions of the author, publication year, and origin of the primary text have been preserved in accordance with the source.