Fundamentals of Biochemistry - A. A. Anisimov 1986

Enzymes

Enzymes are protein catalysts that are synthesized and function in All living organisms (the word ferment comes from the Latin fermentum, meaning leaven; enzyme comes from the Greek en, meaning in, within, and zyme, meaning leaven). THE ORIGIN OF these terms reflects the fact that enzymatic processes were first discovered and studied in brewing and Fermentation industries.

Today, considerable attention is focused on studying the Structure and METABOLISM/10.html">Mechanism of enzyme Action, as well as the pathways regulating enzymatic activity. This keen interest in biological catalysts is no coincidence. Enzymes are vital cellular components inextricably linked to a wide range of physiological processes. The totality of biochemical Reactions Catalyzed by enzymes constitutes the core of metabolism, which is the defining characteristic of all living organisms. The enzyme apparatus and The regulation of its activity govern both the rate and the direction of metabolic reactions.

The Study of enzymes is crucial for medicine, industry, and agriculture. It has been established that many human diseases are associated with enzyme dysfunctions, and in certain conditions, enzymatic preparations are used as therapeutic agents. The technology of various industrial sectors—such as food Processing and textiles—also relies heavily on The Use of enzymes. Furthermore, enzymes are essential Reagents in scientific research.