Human Anatomy - H. I. Koliadenko 2009

The Doctrine of Viscera (Splanchnology)
General Information

The Body Cavities (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) contain Internal Organs whose Functions are essential for the body's vital processes. For instance, the Digestive System supplies Cells with necessary nutrients, Water, mineral salts, and Vitamins required for growth, development, tissue remodeling, and overall survival, while also ridding the body of metabolic waste and harmful toxins to prevent auto-intoxication. Together with The Vascular System, the respiratory organs perform a redox function, extracting oxygen from the air and delivering it to body cells, from which they collect and eliminate carbon dioxide after oxygen exchange.

The reproductive organs serve the function of perpetuating the species.

Internal organs also include Endocrine (Ductless) Glands.

It should be noted that certain organs belonging to systems such as the digestive and respiratory tracts are located outside the body cavities—for example, the oral and nasal cavities, the Pharynx and Larynx, and PARTS OF THE Esophagus and Trachea.

Internal organs are innervated by the Autonomic Nervous system, meaning their functional activities are independent of conscious human control. The internal organs are enclosed by the Pleura in the thoracic cavity and the Peritoneum in the Abdominal cavity. Although located within the body cavities, The Heart and Blood Vessels, The Lymphatic system, and the Spleen are not classified as internal organs; instead, they constitute the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.