Human Anatomy - Kotsan I. Y. 2009

Brain
Telencephalon

The Telencephalon consists of two cerebral hemispheres interconnected by the corpus callosum, the anterior and posterior commissures, and the fornix commissure. The cavities of the telencephalon are the right and left (First and Second) Lateral ventricles, each located within its respective hemisphere.

The cerebral hemisphere (hemispherium cerebralis) consists of an outer covering—the Cerebral Cortex (Pallium), deeper White matter, and accumulations of Gray matter embedded within it, known as the basal nuclei.

Each hemisphere has three surfaces: the superolateral surface (facies superolateralis), which is the most convex; the medial surface (facies medialis), which is flat and faces the adjacent hemisphere; and the inferior surface (facies inferior). The latter features a complex relief corresponding to the internal Base of the Skull. The surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres are separated from one another by borders: the superomedial border (margo superomedialis), the inferomedial border (margo inferomedialis), and the inferolateral border (margo inferolateralis). The most prominent Regions of the hemispheres are termed poles: the frontal pole (polus frontalis), the occipital pole (polus occipitalis), and the temporal pole (polus temporalis). The surface relief of the cerebral hemispheres is quite complex due to the presence of cerebral sulci and the ridge-like elevations between them, known as cerebral gyri. The depth, extent, shape, and direction of the sulci and gyri are highly variable.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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