Human Anatomy - Kotsan I. Y. 2009

Respiratory System

The primary function of the respiratory Organs is to facilitate gas exchange.

In addition, the respiratory organs are involved in voice production, Olfaction, Water-Salt METABOLISM, and thermoregulation, as well as performing a protective (barrier) function.

The Respiratory system (systema respiratorium) consists of the airways and the respiratory (gas-exchange) region.

The airways comprise the Nasal cavity with its Paranasal Sinuses, the nasopharynx, Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi. A characteristic feature of the airways is the presence of a rigid structural framework in their walls—bone (in the nasal cavity) and Cartilage (in the larynx, trachea, and bronchi)—which prevents the airways from collapsing and ensures the free Circulation of air during respiration. Within the airways, inspired air is cleansed, humidified, and warmed, while olfactory, thermal, and mechanical stimuli are perceived. Depending on their anatomical Location, the airways are divided into upper (nasal cavity and Pharynx) and lower (larynx, trachea, and bronchi) respiratory tracts.

The respiratory region of the respiratory system is represented by the alveolar tree of the Lungs, where gas exchange takes place—oxygenating the Blood and removing carbon dioxide from it.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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