General and Sports Anatomy - L.V. Kapilevich, K.V. Davletyarova 2008
Splanchnology
Organs of Immunogenesis
Central Organs: Thymus, Cytology/practical/86.html">Red Bone Marrow.
Peripheral organs: Tonsils, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, and aggregates of lymphoid tissue.
All organs of The Immune System consist of a stroma that houses lymphocytes at various stages of maturity. These organs are responsible for producing immune Cells.
Thymus.
It lies behind the manubrium of the Sternum. The gland is very soft and easily changes shape. It weighs 10-15 g in newborns, reaches 25-30 g by the age of 16, and subsequently undergoes involution, being replaced by adipose tissue.
It comprises two lobes, consisting of a cortex (dark layer) and a medulla (light layer).
A network of epithelial cells rich in lymphocytes (Hassall's corpuscles). This is where so-called T lymphocytes (phagocytes) are produced, which are responsible for Cell-mediated Immunity. The gland is enclosed in a Connective Tissue capsule.
Red bone marrow.
Located within the spongy substance of flat bones, vertebral bodies, and the epiphyses of long bones.
Spleen.
Located in the left hypochondriac region, weighing 100-120 g.
The convex surface is the diaphragmatic surface, while the concave surface is the visceral surface, which features the hilum (transmitting Blood Vessels and nerves).
Covered by the Peritoneum and a connective tissue capsule. Trabeculae extend inward from the capsule, enclosing the parenchyma (pulp) with islands of lymphocytes. This is the site of erythrocyte destruction and the GENERATION OF B-type lymphocytes (humoral immunity).
Tonsils.
Palatine, tubal, lingual, and pharyngeal.
This is reticular connective tissue containing lymphatic follicles.
Lymphoid nodules are distributed throughout the mucosal and submucosal layers along its entire length.
Last update: 08/08/2026
Editorial and Educational Adaptation: This material has been compiled based on the primary/original source text. The project team performed an editorial review, corrected technical inaccuracies, structured sections, and adapted the content for an educational format.
What was processed:
- elimination of formatting defects (OCR errors, structural breaks, corrupted characters);
- editorial organization of content;
- standardization of terminology in accordance with academic sources;
- verification of factual statements against the original source text.
All mentions of the author, publication year, and origin of the primary text have been preserved in accordance with the source.