Human Anatomy (with Fundamentals of Dynamic and Sports Morphology) - Ivanitsky M. F. 2008

Introduction to Anatomy
Organs, Systems, and Apparatuses of Organs

When studying The Human Body, it is customary to divide it into Organ Systems and apparatuses, examining them in a specific sequence. Therefore, human Normal Anatomy is sometimes referred to as systematic anatomy.

An organ, as a component of an organ system or apparatus, is anatomically and functionally distinct from adjacent structures. An organ is defined as a part of the body that, through Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic development, has acquired distinctive features in position, shape, size, internal Structure, and function, while interacting with other Organs. An organ is an integrated structure composed of various Tissues (see p. 22) and subdivided into smaller parts: lobes, lobules, segments, etc. These anatomical structures, in turn, comprise the Structural and functional units of the organ. The Classification of Anatomical systems and apparatuses takes into account common developmental origins and functional purposes of the organs. Organs that perform general Functions and share common developmental origins form an anatomical system (e.g., skeletal, muscular, digestive, respiratory). Apparatuses are characterized by the functional integration of systems and organs of diverse origins (such as the musculoskeletal and endocrine systems).

Dynamic anatomy and sports Morphology typically divide the integrated Organism into three functional blocks: organs responsible for executing movements (the musculoskeletal apparatus); organs regulating motor activity (The Nervous system, Sense Organs, endocrine apparatus); and organs sustaining motor activity (the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems). This division is somewhat conventional, as achieving high athletic performance and adapting to specialized training loads involve the restructuring of the entire organism rather than any single part or block.