Human Anatomy and Physiology - I. V. Gayvoronsky 2011

Endocrine System
Pineal Gland

The Pineal Gland, or epiphysis (the upper appendage of the Brain — the pineal body), belongs to the epithalamus of the Diencephalon (see Figs. 14.9, 14.11). The gland is an unpaired, grayish-red Structure resembling a pinecone, measuring 9 mm in length, 6 mm in width, and weighing 0.2 g. The secretory Cells of the pineal gland secrete the Hormones melatonin and serotonin into the Blood. Up to a certain age, the Hormones of the pineal body inhibit the secretion of pituitary gonadotropic hormones, thereby delaying the onset of Puberty. In addition, these hormones are believed to be involved in regulating biological rhythms, influencing various aspects of human behavior depending on the time of day, season, etc.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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