Special Part
Peripheral Nervous System, systema nervosum periphericum — General Overview
Spinal Nerves — Coccygeal Plexus

Nerve and its functional

characteristics

Segmental origin

Course of the nerve

Branches

Innervation of Organs and regions

1

2

3

4

5

Muscular branches, rami musculares (motor)

L_IV-S_II

Short branches

Pass to the Muscles

Mm. piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris, levator ani, coccygeus.

Superior gluteal nerve, n. gluteus superior (motor)

L_IV-L_V-S_I

Exits the pelvic cavity through the greater sciatic foramen (foramen suprapiriforme)

Mm. gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

Inferior gluteal nerve, n. gluteus inferior (motor)

L_V-S_I-S_II

Exits the pelvic cavity through the infrapiriform foramen

M. gluteus maximus

Pudendal nerve,

n. pudendus (mixed)

S_I-S_IV

Exits the pelvic cavity through the infrapiriform foramen, hooks around the ischial spine, and enters the ischioanal fossa

1. Perineal nerves

2. Dorsal nerve of the Penis

3. Inferior rectal nerves

4. Posterior scrotal (labial) nerves

Mm. transversus perinei superficialis,

bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus,

transversus perinei profundus,

sphincter urethrae, sphincter ani

externus.

Skin of the Perineum around the anus, posterior surface of the Scrotum (Labia Majora), dorsum and glans of the penis (Clitoris), and urethral mucosa.

Pelvic splanchnic nerves,

nn. splanchnici pelvici (mixed)

S_II-S_IV

Join the inferior hypogastric plexus

Long branches

Pelvic organs

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, n. cutaneus femoris posterior (sensory)

S_I-S_III

Exits the pelvic cavity through the infrapiriform foramen and runs down the posterior aspect of the thigh

1. Inferior clunial nerves

Skin of the gluteal region, perineum, and posterior aspect of the thigh.

Sciatic nerve, n. ischiadicus (mixed)

Exits the pelvic cavity through the infrapiriform foramen, passes anterior to the gluteus maximus onto the posterior aspect of the thigh, descends to the popliteal fossa, and divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves.

Muscular branches

Muscles: semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long HEAD of the biceps femoris, posterior part of the adductor magnus; knee joint

Tibial nerve, n. tibialis (mixed)

L_IV-S_II

Passes through the popliteal fossa into the leg, running between the superficial and deep flexors. Posterior to the medial malleolus, it divides into the medial and lateral plantar nerves.

1. Muscular branches

2. Medial sural cutaneous nerve

3. Interosseous nerve of the leg

4. Medial calcaneal branches

Muscles: gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus. Skin of the posteromedial aspect of the calf. Periosteum of the Tibia, interosseous membrane of the leg, ankle joint. Skin of the medial part of the heel.

Medial plantar nerve, n. plantaris medialis (mixed)

Runs in the medial plantar sulcus

1. Muscular branches

2. Common plantar digital nerves

Muscles: abductor hallucis, medial head of the flexor hallucis brevis, First and Second lumbricals. Skin of the first to third digits and the medial side of the fourth digit

Lateral plantar nerve, n. plantaris lateralis (mixed)

Runs in the lateral plantar sulcus

1. Superficial branch

2. Deep branch

3. Muscular branches

Skin of the fifth digit and the lateral side of the fourth digit

Muscles: adductor hallucis, lateral head of the flexor hallucis brevis, third and fourth lumbricals, interossei. Supplies all Muscles of the lateral group and the quadratus plantae.

Common fibular nerve, n. fibularis communis (mixed)

Curves around the neck of the Fibula and divides into the superficial and deep fibular nerves

1. Muscular branches

2. Lateral sural cutaneous nerve

Short head of the biceps femoris

Skin of the lateral aspect of the leg

Superficial fibular nerve,

n. fibularis superficialis (mixed)

Descends between the fibular muscles and passes onto the dorsum of the FOOT

1. Muscular branches

2. Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve

3. Intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve

Muscles: fibularis longus and brevis. Skin of the medial side of the first digit, lateral side of the second digit, and medial side of the third digit.

Skin of the lateral side of the third digit, dorsum of the fourth digit, and medial side of the fifth digit.

Deep fibular nerve,

n. fibularis profundus (mixed)

Accompanies the anterior

tibial vessels and reaches the dorsum of the foot

1. Muscular branches

2. Dorsal digital nerves

Muscles: tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis. Skin of the lateral side of the first digit and medial side of the second digit.