Human Anatomy Part 1 - K. A. Dyubenko, A. K. Kolomiytsev, Yu. B. Chaykovsky 2002

Special Part
Free part of the lower limb, pars libera membri inferioris
Tibia

The tibia has a prismatic shaft, corpus tibiae, and two extremities (epiphyses): proximal and distal (Fig. 69A–C). The shaft features three surfaces: medial, facies medialis, lateral, facies lateralis, and posterior, facies posterior, as well as three borders: anterior, margo anterior, interosseous, margo interosseus, and posterior, margo posterior.

The anterior border is crest-like and transitions superiorly (proximally) into the tibial tuberosity, tuberositas tibiae. The posterior surface is marked by the soleal line, linea m. solei, for the attachment of the corresponding Muscle. The upper extremity of the bone is expanded; its lateral parts are formed by the medial and lateral condyles, condylus medialis et condylus lateralis, and its superior articular surface articulates with the condyles of the Femur. On the outer aspect of the lateral condyle lies the fibular articular facet, facies articularis fibularis, which articulates with the Fibula. On the proximal surface of the upper extremity, in its middle portion, is the intercondylar eminence, eminentia intercondylaris, which features two tubercles: the medial intercondylar tubercle, tuberculum intercondylare mediale, and the lateral intercondylar tubercle, tuberculum intercondylare laterale. Posterior to them lies the posterior intercondylar area, area intercondylaris posterior, and anteriorly—the anterior intercondylar area, area intercondylaris anterior. The lower extremity of the tibia is quadrilateral in shape. On its lateral aspect is the fibular notch, incisura fibularis, for articulation with the fibula. The medial surface extends into a process known as the medial malleolus, malleolus medialis, which is a frequent site of fracture. A combined fracture of the medial malleolus and the lower third of the fibula is known as a Dupuytren's fracture1. The distal end of the tibia presents the inferior articular surface, facies articularis inferior, for articulation with the talus of the tarsus.

1 Yaroslav Yosypovych Kryzhanovsky, Professor at NМУ, renowned Ukrainian orthopedist and traumatologist, HEAD of the Department of Surgery and Military Field Surgery, and Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Higher Education of Ukraine.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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