MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Y.I. Fedonyuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

SECTION 2. THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM (THE MECHANICS OF MOVEMENT)

MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

5. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PHYSICAL TRAINING

Systematic physical training leads to increased Muscle strength and performance. This is achieved through Muscle Development and As a result of lasting adaptations in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Trained Muscles increase in volume and mass. This phenomenon is known as functional muscle hypertrophy. In hypertrophied muscle, PROTEIN AND NUCLEIC acid synthesis is activated, and Glycogen and ATP reserves increase. Muscle hypertrophy is generally promoted by static work. Dynamic muscle work performed without significant exertion does not induce muscle hypertrophy.

The opposite condition is disuse muscle atrophy, which occurs, for example, during limb immobilization with a plaster cast or prolonged bed rest.

During physical training, the functional indicators of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and other systems improve. Breathing becomes slower yet deeper, thereby increasing pulmonary ventilation, which can reach 120 L/min. Trained individuals also exhibit an increased vital capacity of the Lungs.

Enhanced breathing in trained individuals ensures better Blood oxygenation.

With systematic training, the resting Heart rate decreases, while the stroke volume increases. Cardiac Output rises significantly while The Heart operates more efficiently.

Training is the sole method for enhancing endurance, conditioning the body, and increasing overall physical performance.