MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Ya.I. Fedoniuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

SECTION 1. ORGAN. ORGAN SYSTEM. ORGANISM

INJURY

Injury, or alteration, refers to changes in The Structure of Cells, intercellular substance, Tissues, and Organs accompanied by impaired vital activity. Injuries can be caused by A wide variety of factors acting upon cellular and tissue structures either directly or through humoral and reflex mechanisms. The Nature and severity of the injury depend on the strength and Nature of the pathogenic factor, the structural and Functional Characteristics of the organ or tissue, and the reactivity of the Organism. In some cases, superficial, reversible changes occur that affect only the ultrastructure, while in others, deep, irreversible changes develop, resulting in the death not only of Cells and Tissues, but even of entire organs. Among the various types of tissue injury, dystrophy, necrosis, and atrophy are of the greatest significance.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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