BOTANY WITH BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011

X. SEED PLANTS

Class Monocotyledons (Monocotyledones) or Liliopsida

This Class includes plants characterized by the following features: a fibrous ROOT system that develops because the primary root of the seed embryo dies off early, giving way to a cluster of adventitious roots. The stems lack cambium, The Vascular System is an atactostele (consisting of a series of closed vascular bundles surrounded by parenchyma), the phloem lacks parenchyma, and there is usually no clear distinction between the cortex and pith. The leaves are simple, often not differentiated into a petiole and blade, and sometimes the Base of the blade expands to form a leaf sheath. Venation is parallel, less commonly arcuate. The seed embryo possesses a single cotyledon.

The class comprises four subclasses, 38 orders, and 104 families, encompassing 63,000 species. In Ukraine, there are 834 native species belonging to three subclasses, 20 orders, and 32 families.