Plant Physiology - Lecture Notes - O. M. Tarnopilska 2019

2. Structural Components of the Plant Cell
2.3 General Concepts of Microscopic and Submicroscopic Cell Structure

A plant Cell consists of a Cell wall, a protoplast (The Cell contents), and a vacuole (a cavity filled with cell sap).

The protoplast is composed of Cytoplasm and major Organelles embedded within it: The Nucleus, Plastids, and Mitochondria.

The cytoplasm is a complex system comprising numerous submicroscopic structures (Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosomes, microtubules, and microfilaments), with these structural components suspended in the cytoplasmic matrix, or hyaloplasm. A cell wall is characteristic of virtually all plant Cells, with the exception of algal zoospores and Gametes, as well as the sperm cells of higher plants. Various substances are synthesized within the cytoplasm and deposited on its surface.



Last update: 07/08/2026

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