BIOCHEMISTRY - L. Stryer - 1984

VOLUME 2

PART II GENERATION AND STORAGE OF METABOLIC ENERGY

CHAPTER 11 METABOLISM: BASIC CONCEPTS AND DESIGN

PROBLEMS AND QUESTIONS

1. What is the direction of each of the following reactions when the reactants are initially present in equimolar amounts? Use the values given in Table 11.2.

a) ATP + Creatine ⇄ Creatine phosphate + ADP.

b) ATP + Glycerol ⇄ Glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP.

c) ATP + Pyruvate ⇄ Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP.

d) ATP + Glucose ⇄ Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP.

2. How can the ∆G0' values listed in Table 11.2 be used to determine the relative rates of Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate and acetyl phosphate?

3. Consider the reaction ATP + Pyruvate ⇄ Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP

a) Calculate ∆G0' and K'eq at 25°C for this reaction, using the data from Table 11.2.

b) What is the equilibrium ratio of [pyruvate]/[phosphoenolpyruvate] when the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio is 10?

4. Calculate ∆G0' for the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to glucose 1-phosphate. What is the equilibrium ratio of [glucose 6-phosphate] / [glucose 1-phosphate] at 25°C?

5. The Formation of Acetyl-CoA from acetate is an ATP-driven reaction:

Acetate + ATP + CoA ⇄ Acetyl-CoA + AMP + PP¡

a) Calculate ∆G0' for this reaction using the data provided in this chapter.

b) PPi formed in the above reaction is rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo due to the ubiquitous presence of inorganic pyrophosphatase. ∆G0' for the hydrolysis of PPi is — 8 kcal/mol. Calculate ∆G0' for the overall reaction. What is The Effect of PP¡ hydrolysis on The formation of acetyl-CoA?

6. The pK of an acid serves as a measure of its phosphoryl (or proton) group transfer potential.

a) Derive the relationship between ∆G0 and pK.

b) What is the value of ∆G0 for The ionization of acetic acid, which has a pK of 4.8?

7. What are the common Structural Features of ATP, FAD, NAD+, and CoA?

8. Fibrinogen contains Tyrosine O-sulfate. Propose an activated form of sulfate that could react in vivo with the aromatic hydroxyl group of a tyrosine residue in a protein to form tyrosine O-sulfate.



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