Review of Medical Physiology - William F. Ganong 2002

Formation and Excretion of Urine
Renal Function and Micturition
Filling of the Urinary Bladder

The walls of the Ureters contain Muscle fibers arranged in spiral, longitudinal, and circular bundles, although no macroscopic muscle layers are discernible. Urine moves from the renal pelvis into the Urinary Bladder through regular peristaltic contractions occurring one to five times per minute. Urine enters the bladder in spurts with each peristaltic wave. The ureters cross the wall of the bladder at an angle. There are no sphincters in the ureters, and their oblique positioning helps to seal their lumen except when a peristaltic wave passes. This mechanism prevents the reflux of urine from the bladder.



Last update: 10/08/2026

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