Orthopedics - Oleksa A.P. 2006

Occupational musculoskeletal disorders
Phosphorus poisoning

Phosphorus poisoning in workers occurs during The production of phosphor bronze, rodenticides, and combustible mixtures, a condition known as phosphorism. Both acute and chronic poisonings can also result from organophosphorus insecticides (such as thiophos, mercaptophos, and malathion).

The poisoning manifests as Disorders of the Central Nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and other bodily systems. Inorganic phosphorus takes part in bone Mineral METABOLISM, acting as an osteotropic substance that is deposited primarily in the bones, to a lesser extent in the Liver, and is partially oxidized. The general systemic effect of phosphorus involves metabolic and digestive disturbances, fatty degeneration of Internal Organs, calcium depletion in the bones, and the onset of osteonecrosis.

Phosphorus enters the body as dust or vapor through the Mouth AND Nose, where its concentration reaches a maximum. The disease begins with general weakness, toothache, rhinitis, stomatitis, periodontitis, gum Swelling, and tooth loosening. These symptoms indicate systemic phosphorus poisoning. Over time, "phosphorus necrosis" of the jaw, nasal, and sphenoid bones develops, which may spread to the maxillary sinuses, frontal bones, and even the Base of the Skull. Other skeletal bones are also affected, resulting in widespread osteosclerosis coupled with increased bone fragility. Bone fractures occur easily, characteristic of pathological fractures.

Early Diagnosis of occupational phosphorus poisoning is crucial. It enables the timely removal of workers from hazardous working conditions, thereby preventing severe, irreversible pathological Changes in the body. All personnel handling red and yellow phosphorus, in particular, must undergo medical examinations every three months.