Influenza: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention - V.D. Moskalyuk 2010

Influenza
Therapeutic management of ARVI
Immunomodulatory therapy

Currently, A large number of immunomodulators are known. However, most of them undergo only laboratory testing, and only a small number have been introduced into clinical practice: dibazol, inosine pranobex, levamisole, methyluracil, pentoxyl, pyrogenal, prodigiosan, T-activin, thymalin, thymosin, thymogen. Their antiviral MECHANISM OF ACTION is mediated through interferon production (dibazol, prodigiosan), T-lymphocyte stimulation (dibazol, inosine pranobex, levamisole, T-activin, thymalin, thymosin, thymogen), phagocytosis activation (levamisole, methyluracil, pentoxyl, pyrogenal, prodigiosan), stimulation of antibody synthesis (methyluracil, pentoxyl, pyrogenal, prodigiosan), and stimulation of lymphokine production (T-activin, thymalin, thymosin, thymogen).

Table 3

Interferon Inducers

Drug

Dosage form

Producer Cells

Type of produced IF

Peak response time (h)

Route of administration

Low molecular weight

Kamedon (neovir, cycloferon)

0.15 tablets

T-cells, neutrophils,

macrophages

Early a-IF

2 (Circulation for 24 h)

For uncomplicated Influenza: 4 tablets once on day 1, and 2 tablets on days 2, 4, and 6

High molecular weight

Larifan

Aerosol

T-cells, neutrophils,

macrophages

Early a/ß-IF

4-6 (circulation up to 24 h)

Aerosol daily, topical ointment for 5-7 days

Ridostin

Aerosol

T-cells, B-cells,

neutrophils, macrophages,

fibroblasts

Same

4-8

Intranasally - aerosol 1-2 times a day. Course of 5 days

Amizon

0.25 tablets

T-cells, macrophages,

NK-cells

Same

4-6 (circulation up to 24 h)

Orally, 0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times a day after meals. Course of 5-7 days

Clinical practice demonstrates that polyoxidonium possesses potent immunomodulatory, detoxifying, and antioxidant properties. The drug restores immune responses in immunodeficiencies, shortens Treatment duration, and significantly reduces The Need for Antibiotics, bronchospasmolytics, and glucocorticoids; however, it has not yet achieved widespread use either.

Table 3

Main immunomodulators for the treatment of patients with influenza and other ARVI

Drug

Dosage form

Spectrum of antiviral and biological activity

Administration method and dosage

Contraindications

Dibazol

0.02 tablets

Exhibits antiallergic effects, relieves congestion in the Upper Respiratory Tract mucosa

1-2 tablets daily after meals

Hypersensitivity to the drug components, Pregnancy, Hypertension, Lactation

Levamisole

0.05 tablets

Exhibits vasoconstrictive effects, suppresses symptoms of allergic rhinitis, rhinorrhea, and discomfort in the nasopharynx and Larynx

1 tablet every 12 h, for 1 to 6 days

Hypersensitivity to any component of the drug, severe forms of arterial hypertension and coronary artery disease

Methyluracil

0.5 tablets

Possesses antipyretic, analgesic, and desensitizing properties

1 tablet 2-3 times a day, up to 5 days

Hypersensitivity to any component of the drug, severe

hepatic impairment, glaucoma, prostate adenoma

Prodigiosan

1 ml ampoules of 0.005% solution

Exhibits nonspecific stimulating effects: increases Blood gamma-globulin levels, inhibits exudation, and stimulates regeneration

Intramuscularly, 1 ml once every 4-5 days

Nervous system disorders, coronary cardiosclerosis

IRS-19

Solution for intranasal

administration in an aerosol package

Stimulates the Immune Response of the lymphopharyngeal ring

In the acute stage, 2 to 5 times a day in each nasal passage until infection symptoms disappear

Allergy to the drug components

Polyoxidonium

Lyophilized powder

in 0.006 vials

Exhibits a direct effect on phagocytic cells and natural killers, increases Cell membrane resistance to the cytopathic action of medications and chemicals, and reduces their toxicity

6 mg daily for 3 days, then every other day for 5-10 injections

Pregnancy, lactation period, individual intolerance


Last update: 10/08/2026

Editorial and Educational Adaptation: This material has been compiled based on the primary/original source text. The project team performed an editorial review, corrected technical inaccuracies, structured sections, and adapted the content for an educational format.

What was processed:

  • elimination of formatting defects (OCR errors, structural breaks, corrupted characters);
  • editorial organization of content;
  • standardization of terminology in accordance with academic sources;
  • verification of factual statements against the original source text.

All mentions of the author, publication year, and origin of the primary text have been preserved in accordance with the source.