Human Anatomy (with Fundamentals of Dynamic and Sports Morphology) - Ivanitsky M. F. 2008

The Doctrine of Internal Secretion Organs
The Role of Endocrine Glands in the Regulation of Muscular Activity

The Role of Hormones in the body is diverse. In particular, they exert a significant influence on muscular activity.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones regulate the balance between aerobic and anaerobic energy supply processes in working Muscles. A feedback loop also exists between anaerobic processes and adrenocortical activity.

Adrenal cortex hormones are responsible for the level of muscular performance. Experiments on animals have shown that adrenalectomy or the chemical blockade of cortical hormones leads to a decrease in Muscle performance.

Plastic processes occurring within muscles and leading to muscle fiber hypertrophy are driven by anabolic hormones, namely androgens (Male Sex Hormones). Their production increases during physical exertion in both male and female bodies.

Blood FLOW IN a working muscle is determined by The ratio of vasoconstrictors—catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline)—to vasodilators, such as kinins. In trained athletes undergoing standard training loads, kinin production is higher and catecholamine production is lower compared to non-athletes. Consequently, athletes benefit from more optimal conditions for muscle blood supply.