Human Anatomy Part 2 - K. A. Diubenko A. K. Kolomiitsev Yu. B. Chaikovsky 2008

Special Part
Cardiovascular system, systema cardiovasculare - Special Part
Blood vessels of the systemic circulation - Arteries of the upper limb - Brachial artery

The brachial artery, a.brachialis (Fig. 35), is the continuation of the axillary artery. The brachial artery originates at the level of the lower border of m.teres major, runs down the arm along the medial margin of the coracobrachialis and biceps brachii Muscles within the sulcus bicipitalis medialis, accompanied by two brachial Veins and the median nerve**. It is projected onto the Skin of the Medial surface of the arm, extending from the anterior edge of the axillary hairline to the middle of the elbow crease. The brachial artery reaches the fossa cubiti, where it divides into the radial and ulnar Arteries and gives off the following branches:

1. A.profunda brachii;

2. A.collateralis ulnaris superior;

3. A.collateralis ulnaris inferior.

1. The profunda brachii artery (deep artery of the arm), a.profunda brachii, (Fig. 36) passes through the canalis humeromuscularis, supplies Blood to m.coracobrachialis, m.biceps brachii, m.triceps brachii, and the humerus, and gives off two collateral branches, a.collateralis media and a.collateralis radialis, which contribute to The formation of the articular network of the elbow, the rete articulare cubiti.

2. The superior ulnar collateral artery, a.collateralis ulnaris superior, arises 2–3 cm distal to the deep artery of the arm and, accompanied by the ulnar nerve, reaches the humeral epicondyle, where it lies in the medial posterior ulnar sulcus, anastomosing with the posterior branch of the anterior ulnar recurrent artery, a.recurrens ulnaris (a branch of a.ulnaris).

3. The inferior ulnar collateral artery, a.collateralis ulnaris inferior, originates at the level of the medial epicondyle of the humerus, supplies the brachialis Muscle, anastomoses with a branch of the ulnar recurrent artery (a.recurrens ulnaris), and participates in the Formation of the rete articulare cubiti (Fig. 36 A, B).

* When the posterior circumflex humeral artery arises as a branch of the axillary artery, its origin coincides with that of the a.subscapularis in 70.5% of cases (V. V. Kovanov, 1983). Knowledge of the origin levels of the anterior and posterior humeral circumflex arteries relative to the Water/144.html">Origin of the subscapular artery is crucial when ligating the axillary artery. The latter must be ligated proximal to THE ORIGIN OF a.subscapularis (V. V. Kovanov, A. A. Travin, 1983).

** In 75% of cases within the brachial region, the brachial artery and the median nerve do not cross each other; in 25% of cases, however, the artery crosses the nerve, most commonly posteriorly and laterally, and less frequently anteriorly and laterally (V. V. Kovanov, A. A. Travin, 1983).

Class="center">

Fig. 35. Brachial artery, a.brachialis (anteromedial surface)

Fig. 36. Arteries of the shoulder girdle and arm (posterior surface)

Fig. 36 A. Arteries of the anterior elbow region (anterior view)

Fig. 36 B. Arteries of the posterior elbow region (posterior view)