MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Y.I. Fedoniuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

SECTION 2. THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM (THE MECHANISM OF MOVEMENT)

The primary distinction between animals and plants lies in their adaptation to the environment through spatial locomotion.

In the animal kingdom, there are Three types of movement: 1) amoeboid (via protoplasm, as in amoebae); 2) ciliary (via cilia, as in Ciliates); 3) muscular (via specialized contractile elements). All three types of movement are preserved in humans: the amoeboid movement of leukocytes, the beating of cilia in the ciliated epithelium, and the contraction of Muscle fibers that make up the Muscles.

The Musculoskeletal System consists of bones, their joints, and muscles. Bones and Their Joints form the passive component, while muscles constitute the active component of the musculoskeletal system. Bones function as levers, whereas muscles alter THE POSITION OF the bones.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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