BOTANY WITH BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011

V. CYTOLOGY. THE CONCEPT OF THE CELL

Structure of the Plant Cell

Cytoplasm

In a plant Cell, the Cytoplasm is enclosed by The Cell wall and, in turn, surrounds one or more vacuoles filled with cell sap. The cytoplasm is separated from the external environment by the cytoplasmic membrane, or Plasmalemma, and from the vacuolar cell sap by the tonoplast membrane.

The part of the cytoplasm located between the plasmalemma and the tonoplast is called the mesoplasm. It consists of a ground substance—the matrix (hyaloplasm)—and numerous molecular and membrane structures, including The Nucleus, Plastids, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Microbodies, spherosomes, and Lysosomes. Microtubules and Ribosomes have a non-Membrane Structure.



Last update: 07/08/2026

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