BOTANY WITH BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011

X. SEED PLANTS

Order Lamiales

Perennial or annual herbs, subshrubs, or more rarely shrubs and trees. Leaves alternate or more commonly opposite, occasionally whorled, predominantly simple and entire or toothed, without stipules. Flowers arranged in various types of inflorescences (most commonly cymes), bisexual, rarely unisexual, mostly zygomorphic, with a 5-merous perianth, sometimes absent. Calyx gamosepalous, bilobed or toothed, occasionally bilabiate, persistent in fruit. Corolla gamopetalous, actinomorphic or more often zygomorphic, with imbricate, sometimes convolute or valvate lobes. Stamens four or two, rarely five or one. As a rule, a nectar disc is present. Gynoecium of two carpels, sometimes pseudomonomerous, with a terminal or gynobasic style or with two filiform stylodia. Ovary superior, typically with one ovule per locule. Fruits drupaceous or splitting into four (rarely two) one-seeded nutlets, rarely capsules or capsule-like.

The order comprises three families, about 20 subfamilies, over 300 genera, and up to 6,500 species. The Lamiaceae family encompasses the largest number of genera and species, has a cosmopolitan distribution, and includes the most economically valuable plants.