BOTANY WITH BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011

X. SEED PLANTS

Order Solanales

Herbs, shrubs, or trees with alternate, simple, sometimes compound leaves, lacking stipules. Members of the family are characterized by atropine, nicotine, and steroid Alkaloids. Flowers are solitary and axillary, or arranged in various inflorescences (cymose or derivatives of the cymose type), bisexual, actinomorphic or nearly actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic. The calyx is synsepalous, five-lobed, and persistent in fruit.

The corolla is sympetalous, ranging from rotate to tubular, usually five-lobed, and mostly folded in bud. There are five stamens alternating with the corolla lobes and adnate to the corolla tube, although some species possess only four or even two fertile stamens, with the rest transformed into staminodes. The gynoecium consists of two, sometimes five, rarely three carpels with a terminal style. The stigma is bilobed. The Ovary is superior, one-, two-, three-, or five-locular, with one or, more commonly, several to many ovules in each locule or on each Placenta. The fruits are of various types, most commonly berries or capsules.

The order comprises five families, 98 genera, and 2,980 species, distributed mainly in the Southern Hemisphere.



Last update: 07/08/2026

Editorial and Educational Adaptation: This material has been compiled based on the primary/original source text. The project team performed an editorial review, corrected technical inaccuracies, structured sections, and adapted the content for an educational format.

What was processed:

  • elimination of formatting defects (OCR errors, structural breaks, corrupted characters);
  • editorial organization of content;
  • standardization of terminology in accordance with academic sources;
  • verification of factual statements against the original source text.

All mentions of the author, publication year, and origin of the primary text have been preserved in accordance with the source.