BOTANY WITH BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011

X. SEED PLANTS

Order Rosales

Trees, shrubs, and herbs with simple or compound leaves, with stipules or, more rarely, without them. Phyllotaxy is alternate, less frequently opposite.

Flowers are gathered into various inflorescences (predominantly cymose) or are rarely solitary. Flowers are bisexual or, less commonly, unisexual, actinomorphic or more or less zygomorphic, cyclic (rarely hemicyclic or acyclic), pentamerous, with a double perianth, or occasionally apetalous. A characteristic feature of the order is The Structure of the receptacle. It may be convex, concave, or flat; sometimes the carpels fuse with the walls of the receptacle, making the Ovary inferior. There are five sepals and petals (three to ten), often fused into a floral tube (hypanthium). Stamens are numerous, less frequently five to ten, or one to three; filaments are free or fused with the floral tube or with each other. The gynoecium is apocarpous, less often syncarpous; stylodia are free, with small capitate stigmas. The ovary is superior or inferior. In each carpel or each locule of the ovary, there are several or only one to two ovules. Fruits are of various types.

The order comprises 3 families, 120 genera, and about 3,800 species. In the flora of Ukraine, it is represented by a single family.