Plant Physiology - Musiyenko, M. M. 2001

Chemical and molecular composition, structure, and functions of the plant cell
The cell as an osmotic system

All Cells are separated from their environment by a Cell/33.html">Plasma Membrane; however, cells are capable of regulating not only the quantity and type of substances passing through it, but often also the direction of their movement. To sustain all vital metabolic processes, Water and nutrients must enter The Cell from the surrounding environment. Water participates in all metabolic reactions and is a vital component of plant cells. Individual cells exchange substances with their environment passively—via physical processes such as diffusion (including osmosis)—through active processes requiring Energy Expenditure, as well as via endocytosis and ectocytosis. Within the cell, substances move primarily by diffusion, although Active Transport also takes place, including cytoplasmic streaming.



Last update: 07/08/2026

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