HETEROPHYLLY IN PLANTS - O.M. NEDUKHA - 2011

CHAPTER ONE. MORPHOLOGICAL AND STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS IN HETEROPHYLLOUS PLANTS

1.1. PLANT SPECIES EXHIBITING HETEROPHYLLY

Heterophylly, as a manifestation of altered morphogenesis, particularly regarding leaf shape, has been described in numerous species of aquatic and terrestrial plants. The earliest descriptions of plant heterophylly were provided by German and Russian botanists (Arber, 1920; 2008; Goebel, 1900; cit. as: Arber, 2008; Zalensky, 1918). Heterophylly is characteristic of species across many families of both monocots and dicots. Higher aquatic plants frequently serve as subjects for heterophylly research, as they possess submersed, emersed, and/or floating leaves (Arber, 2008; Cook, Johnson, 1968; Sculthorpe, 1967; Hutchinson, 1975). Such plants exist under conditions of sharp microenvironmental transitions—air and Water representing contrasting habitats (Maberly, Spence 1989; Denny 1993). C. Cook and M. Johnson (Cook, Johnson, 1968) demonstrated that certain populations of aquatic plants are characterized by pronounced heterophylly. In terrestrial plants, heterophylly is observed both during the growth of vegetative shoots and during The formation of flowering shoots (Satsyperova, 1984; Naumov, 2009; Givnish, 1987; Givnish et al., 1994). In New Zealand, approximately 230 terrestrial plant species are heterophyllous, accounting for about 10% of all species (Wardle, 1991).

Below are Examples of the most common heterophyllous terrestrial and higher aquatic plant species*:

Family Alismataceae: Sagittaria sagittifolia L.; S. filiformis J.G. Sm.; S. platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G. Sm.; S. chilensis Chamisso et Schlechtendal; S. longirostra (Micheli) J.G. Sm.; S. montevidensis Chamisso et Schlechtendal (Arber, 2008).

Family Apiaceae: Eryngium planum L., E. campestre L., Apium graveolens L., Astrodaucus orientalis (L.) Drude, Conioselinum tataricum Hoffm., Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A.W. Hill., Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm., Pastinaca sativa L. (Naumov, 2009); Oenanthe phellandrium L.; Sium latifolium L., S. sisaroideum DC. (Petrova, Barykina, 2005; Arber, 2008).

Family Asteraceae: Senecio lautus G. Forst, K.Willd. (Wardle, 2002; Burns, 2005).

Family Callitrichaceae: Callitriche polymorpha Lonnr. (Wordell Filho et al., 2006; Arber, 2008).

Family Celastraceae: Celastrus orbiculatus (Thunb.) (Arber, 2008).

Family Campanulaceae: Campanula rotundifolia L. (Baranov, 2006).

Family Cyperaceae: Scirpus lacustris L. (Clevering, 1996; Arber, 2008).

Family Dioncophyllaceae: Triphyophyllum peltatum (Hutch. & Dalziel) Airy Shaw (Green et al., 1979; Albert et al., 1992; Bringmann et al., 2002).

Family Haloragaceae: Myriophyllum triphyllum Michx. (Maberly, Spence 1989; Denny 1993; Tsukaye, 2006); M. proserpinacoides Gill. ex Hook et Arn. (Goebel, 1891; Aiken, 1981; Arber, 2008).

Family Hippuridaceae: Hippuris vulgaris L. (Arber, 2008; Bodkin et al., 1980).

Family Marsileaceae: Marsilea quadrifolia L. (Bai-Ling Lin, 2002; Lin et al., 2007).

Family Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Nemirovich-Danchenko, 1981).

Family Nymphaeaceae: Nuphar lutea (L.) Smith.; Nymphaea candida C. Presl. (Davis, 1967; Kane, 1984); Nuphar variegata Engelm. ex Durand. (Padgett, 2007).

Family Onagraceae: Ludwigia repens C.I. Peng.; L. palustris L. Ell; L. arcuata Walter (Kuwabara et al., 2001; 2003; Petch, 1928; Fassett, 1957).

Family Plantaginaceae: Littorella uniflora Busby (Hostrup, Wiegleb, 1991; Robe, Griffiths, 1998).

Family Polygonaceae: Polygonum amphibium L. (Boeger, 1994; Arber, 2008); P. spectabile Mart (Boeger, 1994), Rumex palustris Smitt. (Mommer et al., 2005).

Family Pontederiaceae: Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Arber, 2008).

Family Potamogetonaceae: Potamogeton natans L.; P. amphibium L.; P. fluitans Roth. (Frost-Christensen, Sand-Jensen, 1995; Arber, 2008); P. perfoliatus L.; P. anguillanus L., P. malainus L. (Iida et al., 2009); P. alpinus Balb.; P. amplifolius Tuck.; P. epihydrus Raf.; P. nodosus Poir.; P. spirillus L. (Les, Sherider, 1990).

Family Ranunculaceae: Ranunculus diversifolius (Gilb.) Min.; R. sceleratus L.; R. heterophyllus L.; R. purshii (L.) Richards; R. palustris L., R. auricomus L., and R. flammula L. (Zalensky, 1918; Kane, 1984; Newman, Raven, 1993; Dalla Vecchia et al., 1995; Boeger, 1992; Flora of the Ukrainian SSR, 1953).

Family Scrophulariaceae: Ambulia hottonoides L.; Hydrotriche hottoniifolia L. (Arber, 2008).

Family Trapaceae: Trapa natans L. (Arber, 2008).