Biological Chemistry - Berezov T. T., Korovkin B. F. 1998

Bone Tissue
Main Groups of Bone Diseases

There is no universally accepted Classification of bone diseases. In our country, the most widely used classification is based on etiological and pathogenetic principles. It outlines groups of pathological processes with similar Morphology without listing specific nosological forms. The following groups of bone diseases are distinguished: traumatic, inflammatory, dystrophic, and dysplastic.

Traumatic bone diseases (or injuries) constitute one of the largest groups of bone pathology, including fractures, traumatic arthrosis, deforming spondylosis, and others.

Inflammatory bone diseases are caused by streptococci and staphylococci. These are so-called non-specific inflammatory conditions (Osteomyelitis, ostitis, etc.)*. Specific inflammatory bone diseases (including osteomyelitis) also occur in association with tuberculosis, Syphilis, brucellosis, and others.

Non-specific osteomyelitis develops either hematogenously (pathogen present in the Blood), by the spread of inflammation to the bone from other Organs and Tissues, or As a result of exogenous bone infection through an open wound.

Dystrophic bone diseases (Osteochondropathies) ** are characterized by localized impairment of bone Blood Circulation and the appearance of areas of aseptic necrosis within the spongy (cancellous) Bone tissue.

Such bone disorders develop under METABOLISM/18.html">The Influence of toxic effects (phosphorus, fluoride, and Other types of poisoning), as a result of nutritional disorders (scurvy, Rickets, etc.), or in endocrine diseases (parathyroid osteodystrophy, etc.).

Dysplastic bone diseases involve inadequate or excessive bone development, including gigantism, Cartilage malformations, and osteosclerosis ***.

This group also encompasses Bone tumors, which can be benign (osteoma, chondroma, etc.) and malignant (primary, such as osteogenic Sarcoma; secondary, such as metastatic).

* Ostitis refers to inflammation or dystrophy of the compact bone substance.

** Osteochondropathy is a general term for diseases characterized by dystrophy of the spongy substance in short bones or the epiphyses of long tubular bones, typically accompanied by pathological Changes in the articular cartilage.

*** Osteosclerosis is a remodeling of Bone Structure characterized by an increased number of bone trabeculae per unit volume, their thickening and deformation, and a reduction in Bone Marrow cavities up to their complete obliteration.