INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY IN THREE BOOKS - BOOK 3 - H.I. Shcherbak - 1997

DEUTEROSTOMES (DEUTEROSTOMIA)

PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA

SUBPHYLUM CRINOZOA, OR STALKED ECHINODERMS

This subphylum comprises Echinoderms that lead a permanently or temporarily sessile lifestyle, attaching to the substrate either by a stalk or directly via the lower (aboral) side of the body. Their oral surface is directed upwards, bearing both the Mouth and the anus. The subphylum includes only a single Class.

Last update: 13/08/2026

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