Medical Genetics - V. M. Zaporozhan 2005

Multifactorial Diseases
Determination of Genetic Predisposition

The Development of any trait, whether normal or pathological, is determined by a multitude of genes. A group of coordinately expressed genes that control a specific biological function is known as a Gene network. Any gene network comprises: a core group of expressed genes; signal Transduction Pathways leading from Cell membranes to these genes; positive and negative feedback loops; and factors that switch the function of gene networks in response to external stimuli. Deciphering gene networks will help clarify the Molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying disease development, opening up possibilities for targeted interventions in Gene Expression to treat, prevent, or delay the onset of illness.

Current efforts are focused on developing diagnostic systems to detect genetic predisposition to Multifactorial Diseases. For instance, analyzing polymorphisms in genes encoding low-density lipoprotein receptors, ApoB-100, ApoE, MTHFR, and ACE can provide valuable insights into an individual's susceptibility to coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and Hypertension (Table 7.9).

From a clinical perspective, identifying susceptibility genes is of paramount importance because creating an adaptive environment can alter the course of a disease. For example, individuals at high risk for Diabetes Mellitus should monitor their Blood glucose levels from an early age, follow a low-carbohydrate diet, manage their body weight, and take other preventive measures. Adhering to these recommendations can significantly reduce both the likelihood and the severity of the disease.