Anatomy of the Vessels and Nerves of the Trunk (Angioneurology) - Chornokulskyi S. T. 2011

Cardiovascular System
Conduction System of the Heart

It consists of two nodes:

✵ sinuatrial node (nodus sinuatrialis);

✵ atrioventricular node (nodus atrioventricularis); and

✵ atrioventricular bundle (fasciculus atrioventricularis) with two branches — right and left (crus dextrum et crus sinistrum).

The Conduction system of The Heart is composed of atypical cardiomyocytes capable of generating rhythmic nerve impulses and conducting them to the myocardium.

— The sinuatrial node (Keith-Flack node) [nodus sinuatrialis (Keith-Flack)] is located in the wall of the right atrium between the right auricle and the opening of the SUPERIOR VENA CAVA. It acts as the heart's natural pacemaker and sends branches to the atrial myocardium and the atrioventricular node.

— The atrioventricular node (Aschoff-Tawara node) [nodus atrioventricularis (Aschoff-Tawara)] lies in the lower part of the interatrial septum above the cuspis septalis and anterior to the ostium sinus coronarii. Inferiorly, the node continues into the atrioventricular bundle.

— The atrioventricular bundle (His bundle) [fasciculus atrioventricularis (His)] runs toward the interventricular septum, passes between the two fibrous rings, and divides within the muscular part of the septum into a right branch (crus dextrum) and a left branch (crus sinistrum).

The right and left Branches of the bundle of His branch out within the myocardium of the respective ventricle, reaching the papillary Muscles via cardiac conduction fibers (Purkinje fibers) (myofibra conducens cardiaca purkinjensis) to ensure their rhythmic contraction.

Epicardium (epicardium) (Fig. 18)

is the visceral layer of the serous Pericardium that covers the myocardium.



Last update: 11/08/2026

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