Pathological Anatomy. Atlas of Macroscopic Specimens - Part 1. General Pathological Processes - A. M. Romaniuk 2016
Circulatory Disorders
Nutmeg Liver
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Nutmeg Liver
The liver is reduced in size, firm, and presents a granular surface and cross-section. Yellowish areas and numerous dark red spots are visible. The granularity, nodularity of the surface, and increased density are caused by Connective Tissue proliferation resulting from Hypoxia and destructive changes in hepatocytes. Causes: 1. Chronic cardiac pathology: ischemia, myocarditis, endocarditis. 2. Chronic pulmonary pathology accompanied by The Development of Cor Pulmonale. 3. Thrombosis or thrombophlebitis of the hepatic Veins.
Last update: 10/08/2026
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