Human Anatomy - Kotsan I. Y. 2009

Skin
Developmental anomalies of the mammary gland

There are cases of underdevelopment of one or both glands, the appearance of additional glands (other than a single pair), or accessory nipples only. In men, the glands sometimes develop in the female pattern (gynecomastia).



Last update: 08/08/2026

Editorial and Educational Adaptation: This material has been compiled based on the primary/original source text. The project team performed an editorial review, corrected technical inaccuracies, structured sections, and adapted the content for an educational format.

What was processed:

  • elimination of formatting defects (OCR errors, structural breaks, corrupted characters);
  • editorial organization of content;
  • standardization of terminology in accordance with academic sources;
  • verification of factual statements against the original source text.

All mentions of the author, publication year, and origin of the primary text have been preserved in accordance with the source.