Human Anatomy - Kotsan I. Y. 2009

Vestibulocochlear organ (organ of hearing and equilibrium)
Developmental anomalies of hearing

Impairments in The Development of the receptor apparatus (spiral organ) and underdevelopment of the auditory ossicles lead to congenital deafness. Defects in the position, shape, and Structure OF THE External ear (malformations) are typically associated with underdevelopment of the Mandible (micrognathia) or even its absence (agnathia).



Last update: 08/08/2026

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