Human Anatomy - Kotsan I. Y. 2009

General overview of muscles performing movements of individual body parts
Movements of the lower limb
Hip movements in the hip joint

According to the three mutually perpendicular axes of rotation passing through the center of the hip joint, the following Movements of the Femur can be performed:

— flexion and extension, i.e., forward and backward movement;

— abduction and adduction;

— pronation and supination;

— circumduction.

To perform these movements in the hip joint, there are six functional Muscle groups.

Hip flexion is performed by Muscles that cross the frontal (transverse) axis of the hip joint and are located anterior to it. These include:

1) the iliopsoas muscle;

2) the rectus femoris muscle;

3) the sartorius muscle;

4) the tensor fasciae latae muscle;

5) the pectineus muscle.

Hip extension is performed by muscles that also cross the frontal axis of the hip joint but are located posterior to it. These include:

1) the gluteus maximus muscle;

2) the biceps femoris muscle;

3) the semitendinosus muscle;

4) the semimembranosus muscle;

5) the adductor magnus muscle.

Hip abduction is provided by muscles that cross the sagittal axis of the hip joint, are located on its lateral side, and attach primarily to the greater trochanter. These muscles include:

1) the gluteus medius muscle;

2) the gluteus minimus muscle;

3) the piriformis muscle;

4) the obturator internus muscle;

5) the superior gemellus muscle;

6) the inferior gemellus muscle;

7) tensor fasciae latae.

Thigh adduction is provided by muscles that cross the sagittal axis of the hip joint and are located medially to it. This movement is performed by the following muscles:

1) pectineus muscle;

2) gracilis muscle;

3) adductor longus muscle;

4) adductor brevis muscle;

5) adductor magnus muscle.

Thigh supination is carried out by muscles that obliquely cross the vertical axis of the hip joint, with the exception of the iliopsoas muscle, which supinates the thigh due to the specific Location OF THE lesser trochanter (positioned both anteriorly and medially). The muscles that supinate the thigh include:

1) iliopsoas muscle;

2) quadratus femoris muscle;

3) gluteus maximus muscle;

4) gluteus medius muscle (posterior fibers);

5) gluteus minimus muscle (posterior fibers);

6) sartorius muscle;

7) obturator internus muscle;

8) obturator externus muscle;

9) piriformis muscle;

10) superior gemellus muscle;

11) inferior gemellus muscle.

Thigh pronation is performed by a relatively small number of muscles, namely:

1) tensor fasciae latae;

2) anterior fibers of the gluteus medius muscle;

3) anterior fibers of the gluteus minimus muscle;

4) semitendinosus muscle;

5) semimembranosus muscle.

6) gracilis muscle.

Circumduction of the thigh at the hip joint is achieved through the coordinated sequential action of all muscle groups surrounding the joint.