TEXTBOOK PEDIATRIC GYNECOLOGY - 2013

PREFACE

Amidst economic and demographic instability, healthcare protection for children and adolescents is becoming a top-priority national policy issue upon which Ukraine's future depends. Today, the reproductive health of adolescent girls is taking shape against a backdrop of pronounced deviations in physical and mental development, alongside a rise in socially significant diseases. Adolescence is one of the most critical periods in a person's life, with the peak increase in acute and chronic pathologies occurring at ages 12–13 due to pubertal hormonal shifts. Particularly alarming are the significant declines in the somatic health of adolescent girls, whose overall morbidity rate has increased by 10–15 %.

Adolescence is when lifestyle foundations and behavioral patterns are established, which will subsequently determine women's physical and mental well-being. The rising incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and adolescent pregnancies necessitates the development and Structure/175.html">Implementation of comprehensive measures to protect young women's reproductive health and foster attitudes toward responsible motherhood and parenthood. This justifies a differentiated approach to planning and executing preventive and health-promoting interventions for adolescent girls.

The average general somatic morbidity rate among adolescent girls stands at 1451.8 %о, which is 18.6 % higher than that of boys. Among girls, neoplasms and thyroid pathologies are registered 5.1 times more frequently, Genitourinary System disorders 3.3 times more frequently, and Diseases of the Blood and hematopoietic system 2.9 times more frequently.

Alongside somatic pathology, girls exhibit high rates of gynecological morbidity, which stands at 201.0 %о and has increased by 23.9 % in recent years. The primary conditions driving gynecological morbidity include genitourinary system diseases (57.4 %) and thyroid disorders (48.6 %), manifested as thyroid dysfunction, menstrual irregularities, vulvovaginitis, and cervical erosions. Infectious diseases (37.1 %) comprise candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and Trichomoniasis. Benign Tumors of the FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE Organs rank third (3.18 %), with Ovarian Cysts being the most prevalent.

The leading socio-hygienic risk factors for health disorders in adolescent girls include early initiation of sexual activity (47.9 %), having 2–3 or more sexual partners (21.4 %), and limited use of Contraception (only 31.0 % practice Prevention against unintended Pregnancy). Furthermore, negative behavioral factors exert a toll: smoking (43.2 %), alcohol consumption (65.7 %), and drug use (10.3 %). While The rate of medical abortions among adolescent girls remains relatively high at 16.2 %, it has noticeably declined over the past 5 years (by 43.6 %). However, accelerated sexual maturation and early sexual debut have given rise to The phenomenon of "teenage motherhood," which adversely affects the health of young mothers.

Adolescent girls need to be guided toward cultivating healthy reproductive behavior and preserving their reproductive health. Currently, over 30 % of girls fail to recognize the NEGATIVE IMPACT OF early sexual activity on their health and susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections, while every tenth young patient (10.3 %) believes that terminating a first pregnancy is completely safe. Although the vast majority (91.4 %) are informed about HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and contraceptive Methods, only 31.0 % actually use contraceptives.

The aforementioned data have prompted us to highlight the primary nosological forms of gynecological morbidity in adolescent girls to facilitate prevention and preserve their reproductive health, thereby contributing to the comprehensive preparation of youth and adolescents for family life.