Obstetrics and Gynecology - A.M. Gromova 2000

Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Antenatal Care
Signs of Pregnancy

Confirming a Pregnancy is generally straightforward. Difficulties arise only During the first 5-8 weeks when the signs are not yet sufficiently pronounced. Later on, following a thorough and proper examination, the chance of error is minimal. In the second half of pregnancy, once definitive signs are detectable, diagnostic errors occur only due to careless examination. In such cases, the issue is not so much diagnosing the pregnancy itself, but rather determining its gestational age and nature (normal or pathological), scheduling maternity leave, assessing fetal condition, size, position, and presentation within the uterine cavity, estimating the expected due date, and other related factors.

Signs of Pregnancy are characteristic changes in a pregnant woman's body that indicate the presence of a pregnancy. These signs are identified through physical examination, abdominal Palpation, vaginal and bimanual pelvic examinations, as well as supplementary diagnostic Methods. All signs of pregnancy are categorized into presumptive, probable, and positive (definitive) signs.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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