Intensive Care of Acute Poisoning - A. V. Hovenko 2010

General characteristics of acute poisoning
Toxicokinetics of inhalation poisoning

Inhalation poisoning results in the fastest absorption of toxins into The Human Body. This is caused by:

a) a large absorption surface area (90–120 m²);

b) the minimal thickness of the alveolar-capillary membrane;

c) intense Blood FLOW IN the pulmonary capillaries;

d) the absence of conditions that would delay toxins.

Gases, vapors, and certain aerosols with a particle size not exceeding 5–10 µm are readily absorbed through the Lungs.

The rate of substance absorption through the lungs depends on several factors, including:

- the partial pressure of the gas in the air;

- the rate of pulmonary ventilation;

- the state of Pulmonary Circulation;

- the oil-to-Water solubility ratio of the substance;

- the specific interaction of the substance with blood and tissue elements;

- the age of the victim (in children, the minute ventilation per 1 kg of body mass is significantly higher than in adults, creating conditions for a larger amount of toxic substances to penetrate from the air into the lungs).

The absorption of volatile compounds occurs According to the law of diffusion. Consequently, the higher the water-to-air partition coefficient, the more of the substance enters the bloodstream until concentrations are equilibrated.

Certain vapors and gases can destroy the surfactant and the alveolar-capillary membrane, disrupting its barrier and transport Functions, which leads to The Development of acute toxic pulmonary edema, respiratory distress syndrome, and Acute Respiratory Failure.