Human Anatomy Part 1 - K. A. Dyubenko, A. K. Kolomiytsev, Yu. B. Chaykovsky 2002

Special Part
Reproductive systems, systemata genitalia — Female reproductive system, systema genitale femininum
Internal female genital organs, organa genitalia feminina interna — Vagina — Structure of the vagina

The vaginal wall consists of three layers:

- the inner layer, the mucosa, tunica mucosa;

- the middle layer, the muscular layer, tunica muscularis;

- the outer layer, the Connective Tissue layer, tunica adventitia.

The mucous membrane is thick and features numerous small transverse folds—vaginal rugae, rugae vaginales—which form two longitudinal columns on each wall of the Vagina: the anterior Column, columna rugarum anterior, and the posterior column, columna rugarum posterior. The mucosa is lined with stratified squamous epithelium and contains isolated lymphatic follicles. During a vaginal examination (colposcopy), a healthy mucosa appears uniformly pinkish-red.

The muscular layer is thin, consisting of smooth Muscle fibers running in circular and longitudinal directions. The outer (adventitial) layer is formed of loose connective tissue that connects the vagina to adjacent Organs.



Last update: 08/08/2026

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