MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Ya.I. Fedoniuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

CHAPTER 4. BLOOD SYSTEM

BLOOD TRANSFUSION

2. METHODS FOR DETERMINING BLOOD GROUPS

2.1. METHOD FOR DETERMINING Blood Groups IN THE ABO SYSTEM USING STANDARD SERA

Apply standard sera of the first, second, and third blood groups of two different batches onto a clean white tile. Using the corner of a clean Glass slide (changing it each time), mix an amount of blood approximately ten times smaller than each drop of serum (Fig. 4.6). Observe for the appearance of agglutination for 5 minutes, and then determine the blood group. If no agglutination occurs in sera of groups I, II, and III, the blood belongs to group I; if agglutination occurs in sera of groups I and III, it is group II; if agglutination occurs in sera of groups I and II and is absent in serum of group III, it is group III; if agglutination occurs in sera of groups I, II, and III, this indicates that the blood under study belongs to group IV. In this case, to rule out any error, perform an additional test using standard serum of group IV.

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Fig. 4.6. Agglutination reaction and interaction of specific sera



Last update: 08/08/2026

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