MEDICAL BIOLOGY, HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Y.I. Fedoniuk 2010

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY

SECTION 3. ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BODY FUNCTION AUTOREGULATION

ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND THEIR PATHOLOGY

THYROID GLAND

2. THYROID DISEASES

2.4. SPORADIC GOITER

Sporadic goiter develops during adolescence or adulthood. It may present as a diffuse, nodular, or mixed colloidal or parenchymatous Structure. It generally has no prominent systemic effect on the body, but when significantly enlarged, it can compress adjacent Organs (Esophagus, Trachea, Pharynx), impairing their function.

Thyroiditis comprises a group of autoimmune disorders, among which Hashimoto's thyroiditis is of primary clinical significance. Autoimmunization is associated with The Emergence of autoantibodies against the microsomal antigen, thyrocyte surface Antigens, and thyroglobulin. The autoimmune process leads to diffuse lymphocytic and plasmacytic infiltration of the glandular tissue. Over time, the parenchymal tissue undergoes destruction and is replaced by Connective Tissue.

Riedel's thyroiditis is characterized by the primary proliferation of coarse Fibrous connective tissue within the gland. The follicular epithelium undergoes atrophy, and the gland itself becomes markedly firm, resulting in a "wooden" or "stone" goiter.

Thyroid tumors can be benign or malignant, originating from either the epithelium (adenoma, carcinoma) or the connective tissue (fibroma, Sarcoma).



Last update: 08/08/2026

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