MEDICAL BIOLOGY, ANATOMY, HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY - Ya.I. Fedoniuk 2010

BIOLOGY

CHAPTER 2. BIOGEOCENOTIC LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION OF LIFE AND THE PLACE OF HUMAN IN IT

2.1. FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN ECOLOGY

Environmental Situation in Ukraine

The global environmental situation is growing increasingly complex each year, and Ukraine is no exception. Industrial sources annually emit over 10 million tons of toxic chemical compounds into the atmosphere and discharge 2.5 billion m³ of contaminated wastewater into Water bodies. In 43 cities, home to 30% of the country's population, air pollution levels significantly exceed maximum allowable concentrations. Every year, 170 thousand tons of pesticides and 150 thousand tons of mineral fertilizers are applied to Ukraine's soils, introducing 1,800 tons of lead, 400 tons of cadmium, 2,200 tons of zinc, and 200 tons of copper into the soil. The pollution of water bodies is also a major cause for concern, as many chemical pollutants exhibit carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Public health has deteriorated. The ecological situation became particularly critical following the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP), which had a severe impact on public health. A wave of Shock and fear spread worldwide. In Ukraine, 3,427,000 people, including 1,260,000 children, were affected by the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. More than 36,000 hectares of Ukrainian territory are contaminated with radionuclides, with a cesium-137 deposition density exceeding 1 curie per km². The primary pathologies recognized as linked to the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident are predominantly oncological diseases, as well as Disorders of the circulatory and nervous systems. Mortality among the population affected by the Chernobyl disaster has tripled, while morbidity has increased sixfold.

The search for pharmacological agents aimed at mitigating the negative IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL factors on The Human Body is one of the key tasks of environmental pharmacy. A prerequisite for preserving public health is ecological standardization—ensuring environmental safety aimed at providing ecologically clean food, safe drinking water, and a clean environment.