BOTANY WITH BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011

X. SEED PLANTS

Order Boraginales

Herbs, shrubs, less commonly trees, or lianas. Leaves alternate or occasionally opposite, typically entire, sometimes pinnate, rarely palmate, stipules absent. Leaves and stems are covered with stiff unicellular hairs that often feature basal cystoliths; stellate and glandular hairs also occur. Flowers are arranged in cymose inflorescences, rarely solitary. Flowers are bisexual, actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic, with a 5-merous perianth and androecium. Sepals are more or less connate, imbricate, rarely valvate. Corolla is sympetalous, imbricate or contorted, rarely valvate. Stamens equal in number to the corolla lobes and alternate with them. Filaments are adnate to the corolla tube, rarely free. Nectar disc may be present or absent. Gynoecium consists of two carpels, rarely up to 14. Ovary superior or occasionally semi-inferior, with two to many ovules per Placenta or locule. Fruits are of various types.

The order comprises 7 families, 137 genera, and approximately 2,670 species, distributed mainly in the tropics and subtropics of both hemispheres.



Last update: 07/08/2026

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