BOTANY WITH BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011

X. SEED PLANTS

Order Salicales

Trees or shrubs, occasionally subshrubs with alternate entire or lobed leaves, and stipules that are often deciduous. Flowers in dense, upright or pendulous pistillate and staminate catkins (spikes, or more rarely racemes with extremely short pedicels), borne in the axils of bracts but lacking bracteoles, dioecious, apetalous. Gynoecium syncarpous with parietal placentation (paracarpous), bearing two to four sessile stigmas. Ovary superior, sessile or on a short, rarely long stipe, containing numerous or two to ten ovules, sometimes reduced to a single one. Fruits are bi- to quadrivalvate capsules. Seeds are small, bearing a basal tuft of hairs.

The order includes only a single family, Salicaceae.



Last update: 07/08/2026

Editorial and Educational Adaptation: This material has been compiled based on the primary/original source text. The project team performed an editorial review, corrected technical inaccuracies, structured sections, and adapted the content for an educational format.

What was processed:

  • elimination of formatting defects (OCR errors, structural breaks, corrupted characters);
  • editorial organization of content;
  • standardization of terminology in accordance with academic sources;
  • verification of factual statements against the original source text.

All mentions of the author, publication year, and origin of the primary text have been preserved in accordance with the source.