BOTANY WITH BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011

X. SEED PLANTS

Order Caryophyllales

Perennial or annual herbs, less commonly shrubs and small trees, often with anomalous Secondary Growth. Leaves are simple, usually entire, predominantly without stipules. Phyllotaxy is alternate or opposite, rarely whorled. Inflorescences are of various types. Flowers are bisexual, less frequently unisexual, actinomorphic, with a double perianth or more often apetalous. Stamens are in one or two whorls, or numerous. Gynoecium is coenocarpous (syncarpous, paracarpous, lysicarpous), rarely more or less apocarpous. Ovary is superior, half-inferior, or inferior. Fruits are of various types.

A characteristic and common feature of the order's representatives is the curvature of the ovules and the embryo within the seed, which is surrounded by a well-developed perisperm. All families, except Molluginaceae and Caryophyllaceae, are characterized by the presence of betalains. The order comprises 17 families, representatives of nine of which occur in Ukraine.



Last update: 07/08/2026

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