BOTANY WITH BASICS OF HYDROBOTANY (AQUATIC PLANTS OF UKRAINE) - B.Ye. Yakubenko - 2011

X. SEED PLANTS

Order Ranunculales

Perennial or annual herbaceous plants, woody lianas, less commonly shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or less commonly compound, exstipulate. Flowers gathered in various terminal or axillary inflorescences, less commonly solitary; actinomorphic, less commonly zygomorphic, bisexual or unisexual; spiral, spirocyclic, or cyclic; with a double or simple perianth, extremely rarely apetalous. Stamens numerous or six, rarely three, extremely rarely one, usually with a well-differentiated filament and anther. Pollen grains tricolpate or derivatives of this type, with apertures never being perforate. Gynoecium predominantly apocarpous. Fruits include follicles, achenes, berries, or drupes. Seed with a small embryo and a more or less developed endosperm, sometimes without it. Five families are known, of which only two are represented in Ukraine.



Last update: 07/08/2026

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