PLANT ADAPTATION TO ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS - 2017

5. FUNCTIONS OF GREEN SPACES IN AN ANTHROPOGENICALLY TRANSFORMED ENVIRONMENT

5.2. Landscaping of Industrial Areas

The landscaping of industrial areas is determined by the sanitary-hygienic, functional, and aesthetic qualities of the development. An analysis of surveys on the condition of industrial sites shows that comprehensive landscaping in industrial zones performs multiple Functions: sanitary-hygienic, production-related, operational-maintenance, architectural-compositional, and psychological-emotional. All of these functions are interdependent; therefore, when creating landscaping projects for industrial areas, the primary and subordinate roles of each landscaping element must be clearly defined according to their relative importance. The fundamental requirements for effective industrial landscaping are functional soundness, cost-efficiency, and aesthetic appeal. The landscaping of industrial sites depends on the number and Nature of the industrial enterprises located there, their environmental impact, their placement within the urban Structure, and the geographical region.

When implementing comprehensive landscaping in industrial areas, the key decision-making factors include urban planning, architectural-planning, industrial-production, sanitary-hygienic, climatic, and economic considerations. The relative importance of each factor is determined by specific site conditions. These individual factors not only operate simultaneously but also influence one another. Moreover, they change over time, particularly the industrial-production and sanitary-hygienic aspects. Urban planning factors account for the Location OF THE industrial district within the urban structure, freight, passenger, and pedestrian connections with the city, other enterprises, and raw material extraction sites. Architectural-planning factors encompass the spatial and volumetric layout of the industrial zone and individual enterprises, the architecture of buildings and structures, the design of open-air technological and engineering equipment, as well as local architectural and landscape traditions. Industrial-production factors are related to The Nature and scale of the enterprise. They significantly influence green space planning, the Selection of landscaping elements, and the Organization of short-term recreation areas. Therefore, design work must take into account the enterprise capacity and production technology, industrial transport, the number and composition of personnel, working conditions, the density of engineering and technological utilities on the site, as well as fire and explosion hazards. Sanitary-hygienic factors address the sanitary Classification of the enterprise, sources of industrial pollutants, their composition and concentration, dispersion zones, local ventilation and airflow features, and insolation. Climatic factors involve the local climate and microclimate characteristics, topography, soil conditions (parent material, composition, fertility, and moisture levels, as well as groundwater tables), Presence of Water bodies, and existing vegetation (plant species, assortment, and biological properties). Accounting for economic factors during the design of industrial landscaping helps reduce construction costs. Cost-efficiency is achieved through proper grading and earthwork, rational selection of structures and pavement areas for roads and pedestrian paths, early site preparation for planting with the provision of necessary soil conditions and the reuse of topsoil stripped during construction, The Use of standard planting stock, gas-tolerant local tree and shrub species, predominantly perennial flowers, resilient lawn grasses, and standardized prefabricated site furnishings.