Biochemistry in Tables, Schemes and Graphs - S.D. Zhamsaranova 2009
Transmembrane Signal Transduction
Inhibitors of Template Biosynthesis
Drug |
|
Doxorubicin |
Intercalates into DNA between Base Pairs, generates reactive oxygen species, and causes strand breaks in the macromolecule |
Rifampicin |
Binds to bacterial RNA polymerase and inhibits the initiation of RNA Synthesis |
Melphalan |
Alkylates the DNA molecule and damages its Structure |
Erythromycin |
Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and prevents translocation |
Tetracycline |
Attaches to the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits the binding of aa-tRNA to the A-site |
Class="center">EFFECT OF POINT Mutations IN DNA ON The structure of THE SYNTHESIZED PROTEIN
Mutations are unrepaired Changes in the Introduction/19.html">Primary Structure of DNA that occur in the molecule As a result of defects in DNA polymerases or DNA Repair systems, or due to environmental factors from the internal and external surroundings.
Point mutations generally fall into three categories:
a) substitutions (this is the most common type of DNA damage);
б) insertions
в) deletions (or losses) of NUCLEOTIDES
Type of mutation |
Changes in DNA structure |
Changes in Cell/13.html">Protein Structure |
Substitution: silent (no change in codon meaning) missense (with A change in codon meaning) |
Substitution of a single nucleotide in the codon |
Protein remains unchanged One amino acid is replaced by another |
with The formation of a stop codon |
Peptide chain synthesis is terminated at this codon, resulting in an incomplete protein |
|
Insertion: without a reading frame shift |
Insertion of a DNA fragment consisting of 3 nucleotides or a multiple of 3 |
The polypeptide chain is elongated by one or more Amino Acids |
with a reading frame shift |
Insertion of one or more nucleotides not a multiple of 3 |
A peptide with a random Amino Acid Sequence is synthesized, as the meaning of all codons downstream of the mutation site is altered |
Deletion: without a reading frame shift |
Loss of a DNA fragment consisting of nucleotides or a multiple of 3 |
The protein is shortened by one or more amino acids |
with a reading frame shift |
Loss of one or more nucleotides not a multiple of 3 |
A peptide with a random amino acid sequence is synthesized, as the meaning of all codons downstream of the mutation site is altered |
Last update: 06/08/2026
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